Multidimensional Strategies for Addressing Driver Attention Reduction
解决驾驶员注意力减弱的多维度策略
Apr 12 · 2024
The cockpit environment is an extremely complex space where safety is always a critical consideration, and all features should be designed to minimize the potential impact on user (driver) safety and avoid any danger arising from the operation of features. Unlike cell phones, computers and other devices, the core of the cockpit environment is focused on providing users with feedback and information while driving, therefore, when touching the screen in the vehicle for functional operations, the user's attention is significantly reduced, in which case it can be understood that the user's ability to interact with and access information at this time will be partially lost. At the same time, the vehicle driving environment, weather, light, signal and other factors are ever-changing, which requires the functional design to take a more direct, clear and strengthened way, in a multi-dimensional way, to maximize the connection between the interface and the user.
驾舱环境是一个极其复杂的空间，安全始终是至关重要的考量，所有功能设计都应致力于最大程度地降低对用户（驾驶员）安全的潜在影响，避免因功能操作而引发任何危险。与手机、电脑等设备不同，驾舱环境的核心是专注于为用户提供行驶中的反馈和信息，因此，在车内触摸屏幕进行功能操作时，用户的注意力是显著下降的，在这种情况下，可以理解为用户此时的交互能力与信息获取能力会部分丧失。同时，车辆行驶的环境、天气、光线、信号等因素千变万化，这就要求在功能设计中要采取更加直接、明确且强化的方式，在多维度下，最大化提升界面与用户的连接。
Over the years of development of intelligent devices, the basic interaction feedback system has become very mature, including visual (user interface), auditory (voice and sound effects), tactile (vibration feedback) and so on. To strengthen the information presentation and interactive feedback in the cabin, it is necessary to explore these basic dimensions in depth, and at the same time, combine with the characteristics of the entire vehicle and hardware configuration to explore new innovative interaction directions.
智能设备在多年的发展中，基础交互反馈体系已非常成熟，包含视觉（用户界面）、听觉（语音与音效）、触觉（震动反馈）等。强化驾舱内的信息呈现与交互反馈，需要在这些基础维度上深入探索，同时结合整车特性和硬件配置，来挖掘新的创新交互方向。
Visual enhancement is a fundamental way to improve the efficiency of information presentation. For example, in the secondary interface of a product, the common back button is accurately represented using a simple icon and is easy to click. However, in the in-vehicle screen, a more explicit button style was needed to reinforce the message while improving user confidence before clicking in a driving situation. Although the revised solution was widely praised by users, testing and feedback from researchers revealed that there were still problems with the precision of the clicking operation and the clicking feeling. Therefore, the button size was adjusted to make it more suitable for most people's finger clicking area, and obvious clicking animation was added to further enhance the clicking feeling. In this way, several controls were adjusted, such as the dialing key for the phone. By applying visual enhancement methods to maximize the compensation of user's attention deficit, users can quickly access information in complex driving environments, thus reducing the difficulty of operation.
视觉强化，是提升信息呈现效率的一个基础方法。举例来说，在产品的二级界面中，常见的返回按钮使用一个简洁的图标即可准确表达，且易于点击。然而，在车内屏幕中，需要采用更加明确的按钮样式，来强化信息的传递，同时提升用户在驾驶情况下点击前的信心。尽管修改后的方案受到用户的广泛好评，但通过测试与用研反馈后发现，点击操作的精准性和点击感受依然存在问题。因此，将按钮尺寸进行了调整，使其更适合多数人手指点击区域，并增加明显的点击动画，以进一步的提升点击感受。以此方法，对多个控件进行了调整，如电话的拨号键。通过运用视觉强化的方法，以最大化弥补用户注意力缺失的问题，使用户在复杂的驾驶环境下，可以迅速获取信息，从而降低操作难度。
The design of sound strategies plays an important role in the vehicle, and is one of the most effective ways to aid in the delivery of information and to address the user's reduced attention span. Taking Tesla as an example, in the past, it was common to see Tesla users complaining about uncontrolled acceleration of their vehicles, but the vast majority of cases were caused by mistakenly touching ACC (Active Cruise Control) on. Prior to June 2021, Tesla did not have a sound prompt when ACC was turned on, and only the icon in the screen changed. Therefore, some users failed to realize that ACC had been turned on by mistake, which led to the feeling of "loss of control" due to the vehicle's active acceleration. As a result, Tesla has issued a software recall, adding a sound effect for turning on ACC and differentiating it from the sound effect for turning on AP (Autonomous Assisted Pilot), which had already existed, in order to increase the alertness of this function to users. When the driving and safety status of the vehicle changes, multi-dimensional interactive feedback should be utilized as much as possible to assist in the transmission of information, so basically, the opening of all Autopilot-related functions is accompanied by changes in visual, sound and kinetic effects. Recently, Tesla has added a gearshift sound effect to alert the user when the gear changes. There's also the ability to lower the volume of music when going into reverse in R to improve safety when backing up.
声音策略的设计在车内扮演着重要角色，是辅助信息传递和解决用户注意力下降的有效方法之一。以特斯拉为例，过去经常看到特斯拉用户控诉车辆发生失控加速的情况，但绝大多数情况是由于误触开启了 ACC（主动巡航控制）造成的。在 2021 年 6 月前，特斯拉在开启 ACC 时没有声音提示，仅在屏幕中的图标发生变化，因此部分用户未能感知到误触开启了 ACC，导致感受到因车辆进行主动加速带来的“失控”。特斯拉也因此进行了软件召回，增加了开启 ACC 的音效，并与之前已经存在的 AP （自动辅助驾驶）开启音效进行了区分，以提高此功能开启对用户的提示性。在车辆驾驶和安全状态发生改变时，应尽可能利用多维度的交互反馈来辅助传递信息，因此基本所有自动驾驶相关功能的开启都伴随着视觉、音效和动效的变化。最近，特斯拉又新增了换挡音效，以在挡位发生改变时提示用户。还有进入 R 挡倒车时降低音乐音量，以提高倒车时的安全性。
Haptic feedback, which has been widely used in smartphones, simulates different interaction feelings through delicate vibrations of the motor. However, in a driving scenario, it is not the screen that gives the user vibration feedback, but the parts that the user touches with the vehicle, such as the hands and steering wheel, and the body and the seat, so haptic feedback needs to be designed to focus on these two aspects. When a collision warning occurs, the vibration of the steering wheel and seat can help the user to quickly raise their attention to avoid danger. Additionally, steering wheel vibration can also be combined to reinforce alerts to the user when the vehicle status changes, safety notifications appear, or important reminders appear. In Tesla's new model, the physical gear lever is eliminated and the original functions are integrated as buttons on the steering wheel, which have vibration feedback when pressed to simulate a sense of realism, thus improving the user's operating experience. This design is reminiscent of Apple's Magic Trackpad, which does not have any physical feedback, but all the sensation comes from the intensity of vibration, and a series of feedbacks such as clicking, long-pressing, and centering prompts are realized through different vibration frequencies.
触感反馈，在智能手机上已经被广泛应用，通过马达细腻的震动来模拟不同的交互感受。然而，在驾驶场景下，带给用户震动反馈的不是屏幕，而是用户与车辆触碰的部分，如手与方向盘，身体与座椅，因此触感反馈需要集中在这两个方面进行设计。当发生碰撞预警时，方向盘和座椅的震动，能够帮助用户迅速提升注意力以避免危险发生。此外，在车辆状态发生变化、安全通知出现或重要提示出现时，也可结合方向盘震动来强化对用户的提示。在特斯拉新款车型中，取消了物理挡杆，将原有功能作为按钮集成在了方向盘上，这些按钮在按下时会有震动反馈，以模拟真实感，从而改善用户的操作体验。这样的设计会联想到苹果的 Magic Trackpad （妙控板），其本身不具备任何物理按下反馈，所有的感受均来自于震动强度，通过不同的震动频率实现了点击、长按、居中提示等一系列反馈。
Above all, on the three basic dimensions of vision, hearing, and touch, the enhancement of the experience of interactive feedback has been continuously carried out to further improve the problem of users' weakened attention in the driving environment. However, there are still many under-explored dimensions that deserve attention. For example, in terms of the sense of smell, scenting is gradually becoming a standard feature of smart cars, which can be combined with specific situations, music or modes to open up different scenting experiences. At the same time, combined with the air conditioning system, the user's temperature perception is adjusted to create a richer and more three-dimensional cabin atmosphere. In addition, through the in-vehicle camera, the user's expression or state can be monitored to realize the fatigue reminder, mood music and other functions. It is also possible to recognize gestures and combine them with intelligent voice to make voice command judgments, creating a more comprehensive dimension to create a perfect intelligent cockpit experience. These explorations of multi-dimensional interactive feedback will effectively solve the problem of weakened user attention in driving environments, thereby better enhancing driving safety and improving the efficiency of human-computer interaction in the cockpit.
以上，在视觉、听觉、触觉的三大基础维度上，持续进行交互反馈的体验的提升，以进一步改善用户在驾驶环境下注意力减弱的问题。但仍有许多未被充分挖掘的维度值得关注。例如嗅觉方面，香氛逐渐成为智能汽车的标配，可以结合特定情境、音乐或模式，开启不同的香氛体验。同时结合空调系统，调节用户的温度感知，营造更加丰富立体的驾舱氛围。另外，通过车内摄像头，可对用户表情或状态进行监测，实现疲劳提醒、情绪音乐等功能。也可以通过识别手势，与智能语音结合，进行语音指令判断，以更加全面的维度来打造完善的智能驾舱体验。这些关于多维度交互反馈的探索将有效解决用户在驾驶环境下注意力减弱的问题，从而更好地提高行车安全，并改善驾舱内人机交互的效率。
Multidimensional Strategies for Addressing Driver Attention Reduction
解决驾驶员注意力减弱的多维度策略
Apr 12 · 2024
The cockpit environment is an extremely complex space where safety is always a critical consideration, and all features should be designed to minimize the potential impact on user (driver) safety and avoid any danger arising from the operation of features. Unlike cell phones, computers and other devices, the core of the cockpit environment is focused on providing users with feedback and information while driving, therefore, when touching the screen in the vehicle for functional operations, the user's attention is significantly reduced, in which case it can be understood that the user's ability to interact with and access information at this time will be partially lost. At the same time, the vehicle driving environment, weather, light, signal and other factors are ever-changing, which requires the functional design to take a more direct, clear and strengthened way, in a multi-dimensional way, to maximize the connection between the interface and the user.
驾舱环境是一个极其复杂的空间，安全始终是至关重要的考量，所有功能设计都应致力于最大程度地降低对用户（驾驶员）安全的潜在影响，避免因功能操作而引发任何危险。与手机、电脑等设备不同，驾舱环境的核心是专注于为用户提供行驶中的反馈和信息，因此，在车内触摸屏幕进行功能操作时，用户的注意力是显著下降的，在这种情况下，可以理解为用户此时的交互能力与信息获取能力会部分丧失。同时，车辆行驶的环境、天气、光线、信号等因素千变万化，这就要求在功能设计中要采取更加直接、明确且强化的方式，在多维度下，最大化提升界面与用户的连接。
Over the years of development of intelligent devices, the basic interaction feedback system has become very mature, including visual (user interface), auditory (voice and sound effects), tactile (vibration feedback) and so on. To strengthen the information presentation and interactive feedback in the cabin, it is necessary to explore these basic dimensions in depth, and at the same time, combine with the characteristics of the entire vehicle and hardware configuration to explore new innovative interaction directions.
智能设备在多年的发展中，基础交互反馈体系已非常成熟，包含视觉（用户界面）、听觉（语音与音效）、触觉（震动反馈）等。强化驾舱内的信息呈现与交互反馈，需要在这些基础维度上深入探索，同时结合整车特性和硬件配置，来挖掘新的创新交互方向。
Visual enhancement is a fundamental way to improve the efficiency of information presentation. For example, in the secondary interface of a product, the common back button is accurately represented using a simple icon and is easy to click. However, in the in-vehicle screen, a more explicit button style was needed to reinforce the message while improving user confidence before clicking in a driving situation. Although the revised solution was widely praised by users, testing and feedback from researchers revealed that there were still problems with the precision of the clicking operation and the clicking feeling. Therefore, the button size was adjusted to make it more suitable for most people's finger clicking area, and obvious clicking animation was added to further enhance the clicking feeling. In this way, several controls were adjusted, such as the dialing key for the phone. By applying visual enhancement methods to maximize the compensation of user's attention deficit, users can quickly access information in complex driving environments, thus reducing the difficulty of operation.
视觉强化，是提升信息呈现效率的一个基础方法。举例来说，在产品的二级界面中，常见的返回按钮使用一个简洁的图标即可准确表达，且易于点击。然而，在车内屏幕中，需要采用更加明确的按钮样式，来强化信息的传递，同时提升用户在驾驶情况下点击前的信心。尽管修改后的方案受到用户的广泛好评，但通过测试与用研反馈后发现，点击操作的精准性和点击感受依然存在问题。因此，将按钮尺寸进行了调整，使其更适合多数人手指点击区域，并增加明显的点击动画，以进一步的提升点击感受。以此方法，对多个控件进行了调整，如电话的拨号键。通过运用视觉强化的方法，以最大化弥补用户注意力缺失的问题，使用户在复杂的驾驶环境下，可以迅速获取信息，从而降低操作难度。
The design of sound strategies plays an important role in the vehicle, and is one of the most effective ways to aid in the delivery of information and to address the user's reduced attention span. Taking Tesla as an example, in the past, it was common to see Tesla users complaining about uncontrolled acceleration of their vehicles, but the vast majority of cases were caused by mistakenly touching ACC (Active Cruise Control) on. Prior to June 2021, Tesla did not have a sound prompt when ACC was turned on, and only the icon in the screen changed. Therefore, some users failed to realize that ACC had been turned on by mistake, which led to the feeling of "loss of control" due to the vehicle's active acceleration. As a result, Tesla has issued a software recall, adding a sound effect for turning on ACC and differentiating it from the sound effect for turning on AP (Autonomous Assisted Pilot), which had already existed, in order to increase the alertness of this function to users. When the driving and safety status of the vehicle changes, multi-dimensional interactive feedback should be utilized as much as possible to assist in the transmission of information, so basically, the opening of all Autopilot-related functions is accompanied by changes in visual, sound and kinetic effects. Recently, Tesla has added a gearshift sound effect to alert the user when the gear changes. There's also the ability to lower the volume of music when going into reverse in R to improve safety when backing up.
声音策略的设计在车内扮演着重要角色，是辅助信息传递和解决用户注意力下降的有效方法之一。以特斯拉为例，过去经常看到特斯拉用户控诉车辆发生失控加速的情况，但绝大多数情况是由于误触开启了 ACC（主动巡航控制）造成的。在 2021 年 6 月前，特斯拉在开启 ACC 时没有声音提示，仅在屏幕中的图标发生变化，因此部分用户未能感知到误触开启了 ACC，导致感受到因车辆进行主动加速带来的“失控”。特斯拉也因此进行了软件召回，增加了开启 ACC 的音效，并与之前已经存在的 AP （自动辅助驾驶）开启音效进行了区分，以提高此功能开启对用户的提示性。在车辆驾驶和安全状态发生改变时，应尽可能利用多维度的交互反馈来辅助传递信息，因此基本所有自动驾驶相关功能的开启都伴随着视觉、音效和动效的变化。最近，特斯拉又新增了换挡音效，以在挡位发生改变时提示用户。还有进入 R 挡倒车时降低音乐音量，以提高倒车时的安全性。
Haptic feedback, which has been widely used in smartphones, simulates different interaction feelings through delicate vibrations of the motor. However, in a driving scenario, it is not the screen that gives the user vibration feedback, but the parts that the user touches with the vehicle, such as the hands and steering wheel, and the body and the seat, so haptic feedback needs to be designed to focus on these two aspects. When a collision warning occurs, the vibration of the steering wheel and seat can help the user to quickly raise their attention to avoid danger. Additionally, steering wheel vibration can also be combined to reinforce alerts to the user when the vehicle status changes, safety notifications appear, or important reminders appear. In Tesla's new model, the physical gear lever is eliminated and the original functions are integrated as buttons on the steering wheel, which have vibration feedback when pressed to simulate a sense of realism, thus improving the user's operating experience. This design is reminiscent of Apple's Magic Trackpad, which does not have any physical feedback, but all the sensation comes from the intensity of vibration, and a series of feedbacks such as clicking, long-pressing, and centering prompts are realized through different vibration frequencies.
触感反馈，在智能手机上已经被广泛应用，通过马达细腻的震动来模拟不同的交互感受。然而，在驾驶场景下，带给用户震动反馈的不是屏幕，而是用户与车辆触碰的部分，如手与方向盘，身体与座椅，因此触感反馈需要集中在这两个方面进行设计。当发生碰撞预警时，方向盘和座椅的震动，能够帮助用户迅速提升注意力以避免危险发生。此外，在车辆状态发生变化、安全通知出现或重要提示出现时，也可结合方向盘震动来强化对用户的提示。在特斯拉新款车型中，取消了物理挡杆，将原有功能作为按钮集成在了方向盘上，这些按钮在按下时会有震动反馈，以模拟真实感，从而改善用户的操作体验。这样的设计会联想到苹果的 Magic Trackpad （妙控板），其本身不具备任何物理按下反馈，所有的感受均来自于震动强度，通过不同的震动频率实现了点击、长按、居中提示等一系列反馈。
Above all, on the three basic dimensions of vision, hearing, and touch, the enhancement of the experience of interactive feedback has been continuously carried out to further improve the problem of users' weakened attention in the driving environment. However, there are still many under-explored dimensions that deserve attention. For example, in terms of the sense of smell, scenting is gradually becoming a standard feature of smart cars, which can be combined with specific situations, music or modes to open up different scenting experiences. At the same time, combined with the air conditioning system, the user's temperature perception is adjusted to create a richer and more three-dimensional cabin atmosphere. In addition, through the in-vehicle camera, the user's expression or state can be monitored to realize the fatigue reminder, mood music and other functions. It is also possible to recognize gestures and combine them with intelligent voice to make voice command judgments, creating a more comprehensive dimension to create a perfect intelligent cockpit experience. These explorations of multi-dimensional interactive feedback will effectively solve the problem of weakened user attention in driving environments, thereby better enhancing driving safety and improving the efficiency of human-computer interaction in the cockpit.
以上，在视觉、听觉、触觉的三大基础维度上，持续进行交互反馈的体验的提升，以进一步改善用户在驾驶环境下注意力减弱的问题。但仍有许多未被充分挖掘的维度值得关注。例如嗅觉方面，香氛逐渐成为智能汽车的标配，可以结合特定情境、音乐或模式，开启不同的香氛体验。同时结合空调系统，调节用户的温度感知，营造更加丰富立体的驾舱氛围。另外，通过车内摄像头，可对用户表情或状态进行监测，实现疲劳提醒、情绪音乐等功能。也可以通过识别手势，与智能语音结合，进行语音指令判断，以更加全面的维度来打造完善的智能驾舱体验。这些关于多维度交互反馈的探索将有效解决用户在驾驶环境下注意力减弱的问题，从而更好地提高行车安全，并改善驾舱内人机交互的效率。
Multidimensional Strategies for Addressing Driver Attention Reduction
解决驾驶员注意力减弱的多维度策略
Apr 12 · 2024
驾舱环境是一个极其复杂的空间，安全始终是至关重要的考量，所有功能设计都应致力于最大程度地降低对用户（驾驶员）安全的潜在影响，避免因功能操作而引发任何危险。与手机、电脑等设备不同，驾舱环境的核心是专注于为用户提供行驶中的反馈和信息，因此，在车内触摸屏幕进行功能操作时，用户的注意力是显著下降的，在这种情况下，可以理解为用户此时的交互能力与信息获取能力会部分丧失。同时，车辆行驶的环境、天气、光线、信号等因素千变万化，这就要求在功能设计中要采取更加直接、明确且强化的方式，在多维度下，最大化提升界面与用户的连接。
智能设备在多年的发展中，基础交互反馈体系已非常成熟，包含视觉（用户界面）、听觉（语音与音效）、触觉（震动反馈）等。强化驾舱内的信息呈现与交互反馈，需要在这些基础维度上深入探索，同时结合整车特性和硬件配置，来挖掘新的创新交互方向。
视觉强化，是提升信息呈现效率的一个基础方法。举例来说，在产品的二级界面中，常见的返回按钮使用一个简洁的图标即可准确表达，且易于点击。然而，在车内屏幕中，需要采用更加明确的按钮样式，来强化信息的传递，同时提升用户在驾驶情况下点击前的信心。尽管修改后的方案受到用户的广泛好评，但通过测试与用研反馈后发现，点击操作的精准性和点击感受依然存在问题。因此，将按钮尺寸进行了调整，使其更适合多数人手指点击区域，并增加明显的点击动画，以进一步的提升点击感受。以此方法，对多个控件进行了调整，如电话的拨号键。通过运用视觉强化的方法，以最大化弥补用户注意力缺失的问题，使用户在复杂的驾驶环境下，可以迅速获取信息，从而降低操作难度。
声音策略的设计在车内扮演着重要角色，是辅助信息传递和解决用户注意力下降的有效方法之一。以特斯拉为例，过去经常看到特斯拉用户控诉车辆发生失控加速的情况，但绝大多数情况是由于误触开启了 ACC（主动巡航控制）造成的。在 2021 年 6 月前，特斯拉在开启 ACC 时没有声音提示，仅在屏幕中的图标发生变化，因此部分用户未能感知到误触开启了 ACC，导致感受到因车辆进行主动加速带来的“失控”。特斯拉也因此进行了软件召回，增加了开启 ACC 的音效，并与之前已经存在的 AP （自动辅助驾驶）开启音效进行了区分，以提高此功能开启对用户的提示性。在车辆驾驶和安全状态发生改变时，应尽可能利用多维度的交互反馈来辅助传递信息，因此基本所有自动驾驶相关功能的开启都伴随着视觉、音效和动效的变化。最近，特斯拉又新增了换挡音效，以在挡位发生改变时提示用户。还有进入 R 挡倒车时降低音乐音量，以提高倒车时的安全性。
触感反馈，在智能手机上已经被广泛应用，通过马达细腻的震动来模拟不同的交互感受。然而，在驾驶场景下，带给用户震动反馈的不是屏幕，而是用户与车辆触碰的部分，如手与方向盘，身体与座椅，因此触感反馈需要集中在这两个方面进行设计。当发生碰撞预警时，方向盘和座椅的震动，能够帮助用户迅速提升注意力以避免危险发生。此外，在车辆状态发生变化、安全通知出现或重要提示出现时，也可结合方向盘震动来强化对用户的提示。在特斯拉新款车型中，取消了物理挡杆，将原有功能作为按钮集成在了方向盘上，这些按钮在按下时会有震动反馈，以模拟真实感，从而改善用户的操作体验。这样的设计会联想到苹果的 Magic Trackpad （妙控板），其本身不具备任何物理按下反馈，所有的感受均来自于震动强度，通过不同的震动频率实现了点击、长按、居中提示等一系列反馈。